Since the 2011 NATO-backed ousting of dictator Muammar Gaddafi, Libya has been divided between the unity government in Tripoli and a rival administration in the east of the country.
A myriad of militias, jihadist groups and people traffickers have taken advantage of the chaos.
Transitional authorities, including the GNA, have tried but failed to integrate the armed forces into a regular army, relying on militias to ensure the capital's security.
In the summer of 2017, pro-GNA militias expelled several rival groups from the capital.
Libya is currently split between rival governments in the east and the west.