Saudi-Israel ties in the spotlight after UAE normalization deal despite official silence

The UAE's decision to normalise ties with Israel could propel Saudi Arabia to deepen its secretive relations with the country as Riyadh seeks to entice investments to fund an ambitious and controversial economic transformation, analysts say.

The United Arab Emirates on Thursday became the first Gulf state to normalise relations with Israel, in a US-brokered accord that raised the prospect of similar deals with other Arab states, amid condemnation from the Palestinians and Turkey.

Saudi Arabia, the Arab world's biggest economy, has maintained a conspicuous silence over the deal, but local officials have hinted that Riyadh is unlikely to immediately follow in the footsteps of its principle regional ally.

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However, "the UAE-Israeli normalisation lends itself to expanding the realm of indirect Saudi-Israeli relations," said Aziz Alghashian, a lecturer at Essex University specialising in the kingdom's policy towards Israel.

"I think Saudi-Israeli interactions will increase via the UAE."

Home to two of Islam's holiest sites, Saudi Arabia would face sensitive political calculations before a formal recognition of Israel, which continues to occupy Jerusalem and the West Bank and besiege Gaza.

Like the UAE's move, such a step would be seen by Palestinians and their supporters as a betrayal of their cause.

But the kingdom has already cultivated covert ties with Israel in recent years, a shift spearheaded by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman even as his father King Salman has proclaimed steadfast support for an independent Palestinian state.

A shared animosity towards Iran, along with Saudi attempts to attract foreign investment to fund Prince Mohammed's ambitious Vision 2030 economic diversification plan, appear to be pushing the kingdom closer to Israel than ever.

A centrepiece of Vision 2030 is NEOM, a $500 billion planned megacity on the kingdom's west coast, for which observers say the kingdom requires Israeli expertise in areas including manufacturing, biotechnology and cyber security.

The creation of NEOM "requires peace and coordination with Israel, especially if the city is to have a chance of becoming a tourist attraction," said Mohammad Yaghi, a research fellow at Germany's Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.

NEOM is set to be built close to the Israeli resort town of Eilat, along the geopolitically sensitive waters of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. Local residents were forcibly evicted from their homes in order for the city to be built.

Dependence on Israeli surveillance technology

Gulf states have increasingly sought Israeli technology for the surveillance of their own citizens and to purchase precision missiles that Western countries are unwilling to sell, Yaghi wrote in a research paper in April.

Saudi Arabia has sought to keep its outreach to Israel out of the public eye, but it has not been easy.

In June, a verified Twitter account linked to the kingdom's embassy in Washington said the Saudi council of ministers had agreed to recruit Israeli cyber security firm Check Point Software in NEOM.

Read more: Pegasus - The Israeli spyware that helped Saudi Arabia spy on Khashoggi

The embassy later denied the claim and distanced itself from the account.

Marc Schneier, an American rabbi with close ties to the Gulf, quoted Saudi Arabia's deputy defence minister Prince Khalid bin Salman as once telling him that Israel was an "integral part" of achieving Vision 2030.

Schneier made the comment to AFP in May, and Saudi authorities did not dispute that the prince made the remark.

Despite the official silence, the pro-government Saudi media has repeatedly tested public reaction by publishing reports advocating closer ties with Israel.

"I forecast a future that entails the creation of a joint high-tech ecosystem among [Gulf Cooperation Council] countries, known as the 'Silicon Wadi'," Israeli consultant Nave Shachar wrote last week for the English website of Al-Arabiya, a Saudi-owned broadcaster.

Shachar, who according to his LinkedIn profile was previously employed by the Israeli defence ministry, was referring to a regional equivalent of Silicon Valley.

"Now, more than ever, it is in the best interest of Israel and the GCC to increase business cooperation," he said.

‘An inevitability’

Observers say US President Donald Trump, who backed Prince Mohammed following global uproar over the 2018 murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, holds enormous leverage to get the kingdom to formally recognise Israel.

But Saudi Arabia appears to be resisting Washington's pressure as it has more at stake than the UAE.

"I do think it is an inevitability that Saudi Arabia and Israel will have fully normalised relations and they will be able to do a lot of great things together," Jared Kushner, Trump’s son-in-law and advisor, said at the weekend.

"Saudi Arabia has obviously been a great leader in making [modernisation] but you can’t turn a battleship around overnight," Kushner told CNBC.

Schneier said the kingdom's leadership held "conflicting views along generational lines."

"This bold initiative by the Emirates will strengthen the generational forces that would like to see this happen now," he told AFP this week.

"This announcement from the UAE will transform the current indirect relations between the Saudis and Israel to formal direct relations."

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