Protests against powerful group persist in Syria's last major rebel stronghold

Members of Syria’s most powerful insurgent group in the country’s rebel-held northwest fired bullets in the air and beat up protesters with clubs Friday, injuring some of them as weekslong protests demanding the release of detainees and an end to the group’s rule intensified.

Protests took place Friday in several areas, including the provincial capital of Idlib and major towns such as Jisr al-Shughour, Binnish and Sarmada.

They came days after Abu Mohammed al-Golani, the leader of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, or HTS, warned dignitaries in Idlib province to convince people to stop protesting, describing the demonstrators as anarchists.

The protests, which called for the downfall of al-Golani, broke out in late February following the death of a member of a rebel faction, allegedly while being tortured in a jail run by HTS, which previously had links to al-Qaida.

Since then, HTS released hundreds of detainees but many remain in jails run by the group’s so-called General Security Agency.

After more than 13 years of civil war and more than half a million deaths, Idlib is the last major rebel stronghold in Syria.

On Tuesday, HTS members attacked protesters with clubs and sharp objects, injuring several people in the demonstration outside a military court in Idlib city.

Anti-HTS sentiments had been rising since a wave of arrests by the group of senior officials within the organization, which was previously known as the Nusra Front, when it was al-Qaida's branch in Syria, before changing its name several times and distancing itself from al-Qaida.

The demonstrations, protests, and confrontations between the demonstrators and Al-Julani are the most violent since the beginning of the movement in Idlib#AlJulani_follows_in_Assads_footsteps pic.twitter.com/4SBrodviIL

— Motsem Albkour (@MotsemAlbkour) May 17, 2024

Over the years, al-Golani’s HTS crushed many of its opponents to become the strongest group in the rebel-held region that stretches to the western parts of Aleppo province.

The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, an opposition war monitor, said HTS fighters closed major roads leading to Idlib city Friday to prevent the demonstrators from reaching the provincial capital.

Over the past years, HTS has been trying to distance itself from al-Qaida and market itself as a more moderate Syrian opposition group after years of strict religious rule.

In 2017, HTS set up a so-called "salvation government" to run day-to-day affairs in the region. At first, it attempted to enforce a strict interpretation of Islamic law. Religious police were tasked with making sure that women were covered, with only their faces and hands showing.

The police would force shops to close on Fridays so that people could attend the weekly prayers. Playing music was banned, as was smoking water pipes in public.