Julian Assange: WikiLeaks' controversial founder

The legal controversies surrounding the WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange are now in their second decade and the divisions between his supporters and critics remain as intractable as ever.

For some, the Australian national, now 49, is a fearless campaigner for press freedom. For others, he was reckless with classified information, possibly endangering sources.

Assange is the figurehead of the whistleblowing website that exposed government secrets worldwide, notably the explosive leak of US military and diplomatic files related to the Iraq and Afghan wars.

He has spent most of the past decade in custody or holed up in Ecuador's London embassy, as he has tried to avoid extradition - first to Sweden to answer allegations of rape, and then to the United States.

Born in Townsville, Queensland, in 1971, Assange has described a peripatetic childhood and claims to have attended 37 schools before settling in Melbourne.

As a teenager, Assange discovered a talent for computer hacking, which soon brought him to the attention of Australian police.

He admitted most of the charges levelled against him, for which he paid a fine.

Assange launched WikiLeaks in 2006 with a group of like-minded activists and IT experts.

"We are creating a new standard for a free press," Assange told AFP in an interview in August 2010

Read also: Assange faces UK court ruling on extradition to US

Embassy asylum

His current legal saga began in 2010 - soon after he published revelations from classified documents about US military campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan - with rape allegations in Sweden, which he consistently denied.

He was in Britain when Sweden sought his extradition, which he was able to dodge when Ecuador granted him political asylum and allowed him to live in its embassy in London.

For seven years, Assange lived in a small apartment in the embassy, exercising on a treadmill and using a sun lamp to make up for the lack of natural light in a situation he compared to living in a space station.

It was revealed last April that Assange had fathered two children with his partner, South Africa-born lawyer Stella Moris, while at the embassy.

His protracted stay in the mission ended, however, after a new government in Quito turned him over to British police in April 2019. He was arrested for jumping bail and jailed.

Swedish prosecutors had dropped the rape investigation, saying in 2019 that despite a "credible" account from the alleged victim there was insufficient evidence to proceed.

But as Assange had feared, it was then revealed that Washington was charging him with violating the US Espionage Act over the 2010 leaks.

His supporters, who include the Chinese dissident artist Ai Weiwei and the fashion designer Vivienne Westwood, claim the charges are politically motivated, and raised concerns about the physical and mental toll of his prolonged incarceration.

Niels Melzer, the UN special rapporteur on torture, has condemned the conditions at London's Belmarsh Prison where Assange is being held, saying the "progressively severe suffering inflicted" on him is tantamount to torture.

Last month Melzer urged US President Donald Trump to pardon Assange.

Russia claims

Assange was initially supported by human rights groups and newspapers that once worked with him to edit and publish the US war logs.

They included a leaked video showing a US military Apache helicopter firing on and killing two journalists and several Iraqi civilians on a Baghdad street in 2007.

Many were horrified when WikiLeaks dumped unredacted documents online, including the names of informants, and Assange fell out spectacularly with erstwhile media partners such as The New York Times and The Guardian newspaper.

However US lawyers conceded that while the US is "aware" of sources who disappeared after Wikileaks published their names, it "can't prove that their disappearance was the result of being outed by Wikileaks."

Questions also mounted over Assange's relationship with Russia.

Special prosecutor Robert Mueller's probe into interference in the 2016 US presidential election found that Russians "appeared" to have hacked Democrat Hillary Clinton's campaign, and then "publicly disseminated those materials through various intermediaries, including WikiLeaks".

In a preliminary court hearing in London in February, Assange's lawyer asserted that Trump had promised a pardon if his client denied that Russia leaked the emails that so damaged Clinton.

Speculation has mounted that Assange could be pardoned by Trump, who angrily rejected allegations that his campaign colluded with the Kremlin - claims found to be baseless by the Mueller investigation.

Moris appealed to Trump directly after he pardoned a number of political allies in December. "The people want you to pardon Assange. Please listen," she wrote on Twitter on Thursday.

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