A tale of two cities in Raqqa
Since the Islamic State group made the Syrian city of Raqqa its de facto capital brutal tactics terrorise some while others enjoy the good life.
4 min read
Islamist flags and military fatigues just part of the "normal life" for Raqqa's children (Getty)
It's called Heaven Square, but after the roundabout in Raqqa started being used for gruesome public executions it earned a new name: Hell Square.
In the year since the Islamic State group announced its "caliphate" last June, its de facto Syrian capital of Raqqa has been transformed into a macabre metropolis.
Human heads are displayed on spikes at the central roundabout and crucified bodies hang for days to terrorise local residents, said Abu Ibrahim Raqqawi, a Raqqa resident and anti-IS activist.
"From the first moment of its control over Raqqa, IS adopted a policy of horror and terror, resorting to executions, beheadings, cutting off hands and legs, and crucifixion," said Raqqawi, who uses a pseudonym.
He belongs to the "Raqa is Being Slaughtered Silently" underground activist group, which documents IS abuses in the northern Syrian city and surrounding province.
Activists were among the first IS targets in Raqqa, but Raqqawi and the group's members have continued to work, providing a rare window into life under IS control.
Raqqa was the first Syrian provincial capital to fall from regime control when rebels seized it in March 2013.
But IS soon routed those rebels and moved quickly to establish a "model city" under its harsh interpretation of Islamic law, said researcher and writer Hisham al-Hashimi.
IS wants to run Raqqa "like a central government, with police, services, justice and education", he said.
Rewriting the school books
The group has taken over all levels of civil administration, rewriting school curriculums, establishing Islamic courts and creating police units - the male "Hesba" force and the female "Khansa Brigades" - to implement Islamic law.
It has focused heavily on education, closing the city's schools and universities for a full year while it developed new courses.
Mathematics and English are still taught, but little else of the old curriculum remains; courses in jurisprudence, jihad and the Quran have been added.
"What's the point of physics, chemistry, history or statistics... when we're learning medicine?" says Abu Abdul Rahman al-Shami, the head of Raqqa's hospital, in an IS-produced video about life in the city.
IS has sought to promote an image of the "good life" in Raqqa, with videos showing roads teeming with cars and shops full of customers.
It touts the implementation of its version of Islam, with life coming to a halt five times every day for prayers and all residents required to declare their assets and pay zakat - Islamic alms.
It also revels in meting out punishments for crimes ranging from collaboration with Syria's regime and theft to "witchcraft" and homosexuality.
The group regularly carries out beheadings, but also stones victims to death or throws them from building tops.
Women whose face veils do not cover their eyes are charged a gram of gold, while men who shave their beards pay a fine equivalent to $100.
Raqqawi recounted how a woman in a face veil, walking with her husband, tripped in the street, revealing part of her face as she fell.
IS members swarmed around the couple and threatened to lash her husband if the incident was repeated.
Perks for some
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights activist group says IS has executed 2,618 people in Syria between the founding of its "caliphate" in late June 2014 and late May 2015.
In the year since the Islamic State group announced its "caliphate" last June, its de facto Syrian capital of Raqqa has been transformed into a macabre metropolis.
Human heads are displayed on spikes at the central roundabout and crucified bodies hang for days to terrorise local residents, said Abu Ibrahim Raqqawi, a Raqqa resident and anti-IS activist.
"From the first moment of its control over Raqqa, IS adopted a policy of horror and terror, resorting to executions, beheadings, cutting off hands and legs, and crucifixion," said Raqqawi, who uses a pseudonym.
He belongs to the "Raqa is Being Slaughtered Silently" underground activist group, which documents IS abuses in the northern Syrian city and surrounding province.
 |
What's the point of physics, chemistry, history or statistics... when we're learning medicine? |
Activists were among the first IS targets in Raqqa, but Raqqawi and the group's members have continued to work, providing a rare window into life under IS control.
Raqqa was the first Syrian provincial capital to fall from regime control when rebels seized it in March 2013.
But IS soon routed those rebels and moved quickly to establish a "model city" under its harsh interpretation of Islamic law, said researcher and writer Hisham al-Hashimi.
IS wants to run Raqqa "like a central government, with police, services, justice and education", he said.
Rewriting the school books
The group has taken over all levels of civil administration, rewriting school curriculums, establishing Islamic courts and creating police units - the male "Hesba" force and the female "Khansa Brigades" - to implement Islamic law.
It has focused heavily on education, closing the city's schools and universities for a full year while it developed new courses.
Mathematics and English are still taught, but little else of the old curriculum remains; courses in jurisprudence, jihad and the Quran have been added.
"What's the point of physics, chemistry, history or statistics... when we're learning medicine?" says Abu Abdul Rahman al-Shami, the head of Raqqa's hospital, in an IS-produced video about life in the city.
IS has sought to promote an image of the "good life" in Raqqa, with videos showing roads teeming with cars and shops full of customers.
It touts the implementation of its version of Islam, with life coming to a halt five times every day for prayers and all residents required to declare their assets and pay zakat - Islamic alms.
It also revels in meting out punishments for crimes ranging from collaboration with Syria's regime and theft to "witchcraft" and homosexuality.
The group regularly carries out beheadings, but also stones victims to death or throws them from building tops.
Women whose face veils do not cover their eyes are charged a gram of gold, while men who shave their beards pay a fine equivalent to $100.
Raqqawi recounted how a woman in a face veil, walking with her husband, tripped in the street, revealing part of her face as she fell.
IS members swarmed around the couple and threatened to lash her husband if the incident was repeated.
Perks for some
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights activist group says IS has executed 2,618 people in Syria between the founding of its "caliphate" in late June 2014 and late May 2015.
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If you follow Daesh's laws and keep your head down, no one will bother you |
Residents say those who comply with the IS rules can find a way to live a "normal" life, and even to benefit from the relative stability, lack of crime and municipal services in Raqqa.
"If you follow Daesh's laws and keep your head down, no one will bother you," Raqqawi said, using an Arabic acronym for IS.
And for the thousands of foreign fighters who have flocked to IS-held territory, there are special perks in Raqqa, an occasional source of tension with Syrian residents who say they are treated as inferior.
A French IS fighter known as Abu Salman al-Fransi recently extolled the virtues of life in IS territory in a video posted online.
He said he was born to a Christian family but chose to convert to Islam and join IS in Syria along with his wife.
"The Islamic State gave us a house and everything we needed to prepare it, thank God, and our salary every month," he said in French.
In another such video, a clean-shaven blonde Australian doctor calling himself Abu Yusef al-Australi says he left home to live "in the shadow of the caliphate".
Now he works at Raqqa hospital, where foreign fighters are treated for free, while locals pay for care.
Dressed in green scrubs and speaking English, he says with a grin: "The situation here has exceeded my expectations."
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