Al Jazeera sues Egypt for arrests and seizures
The network said it had "no other option" but taking legal action through the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) in Washington DC, in a statement posted online.
It said the move came months after Cairo declined to respond to the network's complaints.
The network says Egyptian authorities have caused it to incur losses of $150 million.
Egyptian government spokesman Hossam Qawish declined to comment, saying authorities haven't seen the report.
The Qatari owned network was widely seen as supportive of the government of ousted president Morsi.
After his 2013 overthrow, Egypt revoked al Jazeera's press credentials, raided its offices and arrested several reporters.
"A large number of journalists working for Al Jazeera were subjected to harassment, arrest and detention, either without charge or on clearly spurious and politically motivated charges," the statement said.
The arrest and trial of three al Jazeera English journalists - Australian Peter Greste, Egyptian-Canadian Mohamed Fahmy and Egyptian producer Baher Mohamed - sparked an international outcry.
They were sentenced to up to 10 years imprisonment in June 2014 on charges of affiliation with the Muslim Brotherhood - now outlawed as a terrorist group - and fabricating images to harm Egypt. All three were released last year.
The network detailed other violations, including attacks by soldiers, police and what it described as "gangs supporting the military government" in addition to the jamming of transmissions and broadcasts.
"Egypt's actions have placed it in clear breach of its obligations under the Qatar-Egypt Bilateral Investment Treaty," it said.